Greenhouses are essential infrastructure in agricultural demonstration projects, significantly enhancing the value and economic potential of crops like fruits and vegetables. As greenhouse cultivation technology continues to evolve, effective temperature control methods are crucial for optimal plant growth. Here, we discuss common heating, cooling, and insulation techniques used in greenhouses.

1. Heating Techniques
Common methods for heating greenhouses include:
Solar Energy Storage Systems: This eco-friendly method captures excess heat during sunny days and stores it underground. At night, when temperatures drop, the stored heat is released back into the greenhouse, raising the soil temperature by 1-2°C.

Electric Heating, Water Heating, and Warm Air Systems: These traditional methods are also used but may be less energy-efficient compared to solar solutions.

2. Cooling Techniques
Effective cooling methods include:
Ventilation: Simply opening vents or using exhaust fans to circulate air can lower temperatures.
Shade: During hot summer months, using old films, shade nets, or curtains can help reduce heat.
Misting Systems: Spraying water inside the greenhouse can cool the air, with methods varying based on plant types.

Fan and Pad Systems: For those with better economic conditions, this system uses a water film on a pad to cool incoming air, achieving temperature reductions of 5-10°C.

3. Insulation Techniques
To maintain warmth, consider:
Internal Insulation: Lightweight thermal blankets can be installed inside the greenhouse to prevent heat loss, with a lifespan of about five years.
Side Insulation: Installing thermal blankets or curtains on the walls can help retain heat at night.

Additional Arched Insulation: Adding small arches around the greenhouse creates extra space for insulation, allowing for effective temperature control without obstructing ventilation.

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